Por Gonzalo Reynoso, hace 4 años
CMS: Joomla o Drupal?
Los Sistemas Gestores de Contenidos (CMS) logran resolver infinidad de cuestiones relativas a la administración y publicación de información online. Excepto en casos muy particulares donde se requiere un programa web a medida (ya sea para gestión específica como para cubrir funcionalidades y servicios que surgen "on demand"), los CMS son la solución ideal para cualquier tipo de sitios web.
Esto es así porque:
- Resuelven muy bien la categorización y jerarquía de contenidos
- Facilita tremendamente la administración
- Separan contenidos de presentación (Joomla 1.5.x ya usa Smarty Templates)
- Se logra separar eficientemente la información "estática" de las novedades y publicaciones de vigencia efímera.
- Ya están preparados para bloggear, y para agregar funcionalidades sociales
- Ya vienen listos para gestionar registraciones de usuarios, y separación entre contenidos y servicios públicos, y accesos a recursos privados.
- Y un largo Etc,
En DDW trabajamos con Joomla desde que nació (y aún conocemos el sistema desde los tiempos de Mambo), sin embargo, hace poco estoy probando Drupal y la verdad es que, en algunos sentidos supera ámpliamente a Joomla, pero no en todos.
Lo mejor que veo de Drupal es la forma de resolver la Arquitectura de la Información. Sin embargo, creo que para cada proyecto habrá que ver qué sistema es más adecuado.
Particularmente me propongo (cuando pueda y tenga tiempo) reproducir nuestro sitio Desarrollo de Web (desarrollado con Joomla) de la manera más fielmente posible, pero con Drupal esta vez.
Es así como buscando hoy algo de información recordé un sitio web CMS MATRIX, donde ofrecen comparaciones entre diferentes CMS opensource, analizando más de 140 variables de comparación.
La info está bastante desactualizada (los CMSs han evolucionado bastante), y lamentablemente en inglés, sin embargo comparé igual a Joomla y Drupal y esto es lo que vi:
| Product | Drupal 5.5 | Joomla! 1.0.7 |
| Last Updated | 12/6/2007 | 4/25/2006 |
| System Requirements | Drupal | Joomla! |
| Application Server
The application server or application environment
required to run this CMS. |
PHP 4.3.3+ | Apache recommended, any server that supports PHP and MySQL |
| Approximate Cost
The approximate licensing cost of this CMS. Note
that there are almost always hard and soft costs beyond licensing costs
for any CMS. |
Free | $0 |
| Database
The database engine this CMS uses to store content
and settings. |
MySQL, Postgres | MySQL |
| License
The type of license this CMS is distributed under.
|
GNU GPL | GNU GPL |
| Operating System
The operating systems this CMS is compatible with.
|
Any | Any |
| Programming Language
The programming language that the CMS is written
in and/or can be extended using. |
PHP | PHP |
| Root Access
Is root (or administrator) access required to
install this application? |
No | No |
| Shell Access
Is shell access required to install this application?
In other words, do you need to be able to log in to the machine (other
than through FTP) in order to install this application? |
No | No |
| Web Server
The web servers this CMS is compatible with. |
Apache, IIS | Apache |
| Security | Drupal | Joomla! |
| Audit Trail
Does the system keep track of who made additions,
updates, or deletions? |
Yes | No |
| Captcha
A challenge-response system designed to defeat
bots from being able to use user-only features of a system. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captcha
for more information. |
Free Add On | Yes |
| Content Approval
Does the system provide for some level of system-wide
content approval? |
Yes | Yes |
| Email Verification
Does the system send an activation key to users
to make sure they've entered a valid email address? |
Yes | Yes |
| Granular Privileges
Does the system allow read and write privileges
on a per page or per content item basis, as well as separate privileges
for other system functions? |
Yes | No |
| Kerberos Authentication
Does the system support authentication via Kerberos? |
No | No |
| LDAP Authentication
Does the system allow for LDAP-based authentication?
|
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Login History
Does the system keep track of who logged in and
when? Such systems also usually keep track of things like what browser
the user was using and what IP address they came from, as well as unsuccessful
attempts. |
Yes | Yes |
| NIS Authentication
Does the system support authentication via NIS? |
No | No |
| NTLM Authentication
Does the system support authentication via NTLM? |
Free Add On | No |
| Pluggable Authentication
Does the system allow an administrator to plug
in additional authentication schemes (from a vendor or homegrown) beyond
the default proprietary authentication scheme and an LDAP authentication
mechanism? |
Yes | No |
| Problem Notification
Does the system provide a mechanism for alerting
administrators (email, instant messenger, cell phone, etc) when it detects
a problem? (Logging does not count.) |
No | No |
| Sandbox
Does the system allow for a private area for content
managers to try new content ideas without the worry of affecting the rest
of the site? |
No | No |
| Session Management
Does the system provide some facility for an administrator
to see who is logged in, what they are doing, and log them out if necessary?
|
Yes | Yes |
| SMB Authentication
Does the system support authentication via SMB? |
No | No |
| SSL Compatible
Can this system be used with an SSL certificate
on the web server? |
Yes | No |
| SSL Logins
Can this system be configured to switch to SSL
mode (HTTPS) for logins, and then back to normal HTTP after the login?
This kind of functionality protects user login information from being
sniffed. |
No | No |
| SSL Pages
Can this system be configured to switch to SSL
mode for certain pages (or sections), and then back to straight HTTP for
other pages (or sections)? You may want this if the system is used partially
for regular site content and partially to distribute confidential data
such as customer invoices or medical records. |
No | No |
| Versioning
Does the system provide for some level of system-wide
content versioning? |
Yes | Yes |
| Support | Drupal | Joomla! |
| Certification Program
Is there a professional certification or degree
program for this CMS? |
No | No |
| Code Skeletons
Does the system provide code skeletons or code
templates to make it easy for new developers to write plugins for it? |
Yes | No |
| Commercial Manuals
Are there books or other commercially available
documentation for this CMS? |
Yes | Yes |
| Commercial Support
Can support be purchased from a commercial organization
with trained staff members? |
Yes | Yes |
| Commercial Training
Can training be purchased from a commercial organization
that has dedicated training staff for this CMS? |
Yes | Yes |
| Developer Community
Is there a free online developer community specifically
for this product? |
Yes | Yes |
| Online Help
Is there an integrated context-sensitive help
system built in to the CMS? |
Yes | Yes |
| Pluggable API
Can the system be extended through an open and
documented application programming interface (API)? |
Yes | Yes |
| Professional Hosting
Is there a vendor supplied professionally tuned
hosting environment (application service provider) or has a certified
hosting partner program. |
Yes | Yes |
| Professional Services
Are there commercially available professional
services organizations to customize or provide administrative services
for this CMS? |
Yes | Yes |
| Public Forum
Is there a publicly available forum or message
board for the system? |
Yes | Yes |
| Public Mailing List
Is there a publicly available mailing list for
the system? |
Yes | No |
| Test Framework
Does the system have an automated test framework
that can be used to test the codebase to ensure that it is functioning
properly? This sort of framework is sometimes called Unit Tests or Smoke
Tests. |
Free Add On | No |
| Third-Party Developers
Are there third-party developers who manufacture
plug-ins for this system? |
Yes | Yes |
| Users Conference
Is there an annual users conference for this system
where it's users can get together, discuss ideas, get training, etc? |
Yes | Yes |
| Ease of Use | Drupal | Joomla! |
| Drag-N-Drop Content
Does the product allow the user to position content
in a drag and drop fashion? |
Free Add On | No |
| Email To Discussion
Can messages be emailed to the system so that
they automatically appear in community discussions (forums/message boards)?
|
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Friendly URLs
Does the system have human-readable and search
engine friendly URLs? (The alternative is that there are a bunch of symbols
and numbers in the URL and the URLs are typically quite long.) |
Yes | Yes |
| Image Resizing
Is the system capable of allowing users to resize
uploaded images so they need not mess around with an external image editor? |
Free Add On | Yes |
| Macro Language
Is there a macro language that allows content
managers to place powerful functionality (like auto-generated navigation
systems) without any programming knowledge? |
Free Add On | Yes |
| Mass Upload
Does the system have a way of uploading/importing
many images and other files all at once to save time? |
Free Add On | No |
| Prototyping
Does the system allow the user to create custom
default settings for the different kinds of content objects to save them
extra clicks when creating those object types. For instance, if there
is a particular template they like to use, can they set it as a default? |
Limited | Yes |
| Server Page Language
Is there a server page language available like
PHP, JSP, or ASP for easy one-off functionality? |
Yes | Yes |
| Site Setup Wizard
Does the system give the user the option to create
default content areas, styles, and other settings during setup of the
site or installation? |
Limited | |
| Spell Checker
Does the system have an integrated spell checker? |
Free Add On | No |
| Style Wizard
Does the system have a wizard for generating styles/themes/templates
or whatever else a look and feel might be called in the system? These
wizards would allow the user to step by step choose colors, layouts, logos,
etc to create their own look and feel without knowing anything about HTML/CSS. |
Limited | No |
| Subscriptions
Can the user subscribe to various sections of
the site and receive notifications on new/updated content? These types
of functions are typically found in the news feeds, forums, and blogs. |
Free Add On | No |
| Template Language
Is there a templating language for powerful layout
controls? (Note that templating languages are different from server page
languages in that they are not capable of full programmatic functions,
and are fully HTML compliant.) |
Limited | Yes |
| UI Levels
Is there a means of «dumbing down» the publishing
interface for less sophisticated publishers while keeping a more sophisticated
interface for power users? |
No | No |
| Undo
Does the system allow users to «undo» operations
if they make a mistake? |
Limited | No |
| WYSIWYG Editor
Is there a web-based rich text editor to allow
publishers to create formatted content without knowing HTML, CSS, XML,
or XSL? |
Free Add On | Yes |
| Zip Archives
Does the system allow a user to upload a zip (or
other compressed file) full of static content, which is then published
to the site? This sort of feature is used to do web-based mass uploads
of static content. |
No | No |
| Performance | Drupal | Joomla! |
| Advanced Caching
Does the system have advanced caching mechanisms
that go beyond simple page caching? For instance, navigation, template,
or content object caching? |
Yes | Yes |
| Database Replication
Can the system take advantage of database replication
for better scalability? The system would need to be able to perform reads
from slaves and writes to the database master. |
Limited | No |
| Load Balancing
Does the system allow you to put a load balancer
in front of it to split the load between multiple servers? This would
require that user sessions can be passed beween all the nodes transparently. |
Yes | No |
| Page Caching
Does the system have a mechanism for caching the
contents of a page so that if it's requested again it can skip most of
the work to create the page? |
Yes | Yes |
| Static Content Export
Does the system have the ability to export it's
content as static HTML so it may be served up from regional cache servers,
or from static HTML web servers? |
No | No |
| Management | Drupal | Joomla! |
| Advertising Management
Does the CMS have a banner or other management
system? |
Free Add On | Yes |
| Asset Management
Is there a central repository for uploading images
and other files so they can be reused through-out the site? |
Yes | Yes |
| Clipboard
Is there a clipboard system that allows publishers
to easily cut and paste content from one area of the site to another?
|
No | No |
| Content Scheduling
Does the system allow for content to be automatically
added or removed from a site based upon date? |
Free Add On | Yes |
| Content Staging
Can content be created on one server and easily
«pushed» to another server? |
Free Add On | No |
| Inline Administration
Is content edited directly in the page that it
will be placed? (The alternative is that there is a wholly separate interface
for managing content.) |
Yes | Yes |
| Online Administration
Can the system be completely managed through a
web browser? (The alternative is that there is some sort of offline client
software that must be used to manage at least some components.) |
Yes | Yes |
| Package Deployment
Can content and applications be packaged so that
tedious repeditive publishing functions can be easily deployed time and
time again without the repetition? |
No | No |
| Sub-sites / Roots
Does the system allow for sub-sites within a site
that are self-contained with their own navigation and content hierarchy?
|
Yes | Yes |
| Themes / Skins
Does the system have a mechanism to transport
styles, templates, etc between sites so that you can create a theme on
one site and then reuse it on many others? |
Yes | Yes |
| Trash
Is there a trash system to allow administrators
or publishers to recover content that has been removed from the site?
Note that this is not the same as recovering items from a versioning archive.
|
No | Yes |
| Web Statistics
Does the system have built in web site statistics
reporting for things such as pages/content items viewed, number of users
per time period, etc? |
Yes | Yes |
| Web-based Style/Template Management
Is there a web-based interface for adding styles
and templates to the system for design and layout control? |
Yes | Yes |
| Web-based Translation Management
Can language translations be managed through and
easy web-based interface? |
Yes | Free Add On |
| Workflow Engine
Is there a full-fledged workflow system integrated
into the CMS that can be used for business process management (or other
duties beyond just content approval)? |
Limited | No |
| Interoperability | Drupal | Joomla! |
| Content Syndication (RSS)
Can the system export RSS/XML feeds so that the
content can be republished on other sites? Note that if it can only syndicate
content from one function, such a «news» then it should be labeled as
only limited support. |
Yes | Yes |
| FTP Support
Does the system allow users to upload internal
content and/or files via FTP? |
Limited | Free Add On |
| iCal
If the system implements calendars, does it allow
for the import and export of the iCal standard? |
Free Add On | |
| UTF-8 Support
Does the system support UTF-8 character encoding
to enable multi-lingual sites without the use of seperate code pages for
each language? |
Yes | Limited |
| WAI Compliant
Does the system follow the W3C specification for
WAI compliance? |
Limited | No |
| WebDAV Support
Does the system allow users to upload internal
content and/or files via WebDAV? |
No | No |
| XHTML Compliant
Does the system follow the W3C specification for
XHTML compliance? |
Yes | No |
| Flexibility | Drupal | Joomla! |
| CGI-mode Support
Can the system run in CGI mode for development
purposes or on low-end systems? |
Yes | No |
| Content Reuse
Does the system allow content to be mirrored (not
copied, but reused) from one location to another on a site? |
Limited | Yes |
| Extensible User Profiles
Does the system provide a user profiling that
can be extended with new profile properties through an administrative
interface? |
Yes | Yes |
| Interface Localization
Is the system localized/internationalized so it
can be translated into other languages and take locale preferences like
date/time preferences into account? |
Yes | Yes |
| Metadata
Does the system support the adding of arbitrary
metadata properties to all the content objects? The metadata is typically
then used for profiling, indexing, or even auxillary display functions. |
Yes | Yes |
| Multi-lingual Content
Does the system support the creation of sites
with multiple languages? |
Yes | Free Add On |
| Multi-lingual Content Integration
Does the system support a multi-lingual version
of each content object without republishing the content object. For example,
if you create an FAQ in English, then all that needs to be done to display
the FAQ in Spanish or another language is to translate the content, not
create another page with another FAQ content object. Then depending upon
user preferences it either shows one version or the other. |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Multi-Site Deployment
Is the system capable of hosting multiple sites
from one software deployment? This means you can install the software
once and host as many sites as you want. It also means that when it comes
time to upgrade you only need to upgrade the software in one place, not
for each seperate site. |
Yes | Free Add On |
| URL Rewriting
Is the system capable of rewriting URL or working
with some other URL rewriting mechanism to provide shorter or friendlier
URLs? |
Yes | Yes |
| Built-in Applications | Drupal | Joomla! |
| Blog
Does the systemm have a blog or web log? (See
slashdot.org for an example.) |
Yes | Yes |
| Chat
Does the system have an application for real-time
online chat? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Classifieds
Does the system have a classifieds application?
|
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Contact Management
Does the system have a contact management or rolodex
type of application? |
Free Add On | Yes |
| Data Entry
Does the system have an application for creating
arbitrary data entry applications? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Database Reports
Does the system have an application for creating
database reports? |
No | Free Add On |
| Discussion / Forum
Does the system have a message board? |
Yes | Free Add On |
| Document Management
Does the system have an application for managing
offline document storage and versioning? |
Limited | Free Add On |
| Events Calendar
Does the system have an application for tracking
events and displaying events calendars? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Events Management
Does the system have a way to create events and
allow users to sign up for those events. |
Free Add On | No |
| Expense Reports
Does the system have an application for tracking
employee expense reports? |
No | Free Add On |
| FAQ Management
Does the system have an application to organize
frequently asked questions? |
Yes | Yes |
| File Distribution
Does the system have an application for distributing
files including privileges for who is allowed to view/download those files?
|
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Graphs and Charts
Does the system have an application that will
allow the user to generate graphs and charts based upon some data set
(SQL, text file, xml file, etc)? |
No | Free Add On |
| Groupware
Does the system have email and calendaring (group
scheduling) applications? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Guest Book
Does the system have a guest book or graffiti
application? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Help Desk / Bug Reporting
Does the system have an application for trouble
ticketing or bug reporting? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| HTTP Proxy
Does the system have a mechanism to proxy or mirror
HTML and other content and applications from other web servers? |
No | No |
| In/Out Board
An intranet application that allows staff to post
their status. In the building. Out for the day, be back tommorrow. Etc. |
No | No |
| Job Postings
Does the system have a mechanism for posting job
listings? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Link Management
Does the system have an application to manage
links? |
Free Add On | Yes |
| Mail Form
Does the CMS have an application for creating
customizable ?contact us? type forms? |
Free Add On | Yes |
| Matrix
Does the system have a matrix application similar
to what you see here on CMS Matrix? |
No | No |
| My Page / Dashboard
Does the CMS have a dashboard application (sometimes
called a portal)? (See my.yahoo.com for an example.) |
Free Add On | No |
| Newsletter
Does the system have the ability to allow users
to add/delete themselves to/from a list so that they can be sent email
from the system on various topics? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Photo Gallery
Does the system have an application for displaying
a thumbnail / image repository? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Polls
Does the system have an application for conducting
simple single question polls? |
Yes | Yes |
| Product Management
Does the system have an application for displaying
organized product information? |
Free Add On | Yes |
| Project Tracking
Does the system have an application for managing
project tasks? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Search Engine
Does the system have an integrated search engine
that can index the managed content and allow the user to search the indexed
content? |
Yes | Yes |
| Site Map
Can the system generate a tree showing all of
the pages in the system dynamically so it doesn't have to be maintained
seperately by the content managers? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Stock Quotes
Does the system have an application for displaying
stock ticker information? |
Free Add On | No |
| Surveys
Does the CMS have an application for conducting
complex multi-question surveys? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Syndicated Content (RSS)
Does the CMS have an application for retrieving
and displaying RDF/RSS/XML syndicated content? |
Yes | Yes |
| Tests / Quizzes
Does the system have an application for administering
tests and quizzes? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Time Tracking
Does the system have an application for tracking
employee time for payroll or billing purposes? |
Free Add On | No |
| User Contributions
Does the CMS have a system for allowing a user
community to contribute stories and other content to the site? |
Yes | Yes |
| Weather
Does the system have a weather information system? |
Free Add On | No |
| Web Services Front End
Does the system have an application for directly
interfacing with arbitrary web services such as the Google API and the
various available methods from X-Methods, and then creating a templated
user interface without coding? |
No | Free Add On |
| Wiki
Does the system support wiki or wiki-like functionality?
Wiki provides online collaboration functionality as well as a simple text
formatting language. |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Commerce | Drupal | Joomla! |
| Affiliate Tracking
Does the system have an affiliate tracking or
referrals system for tracking partner sites that link in to the site?
|
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Inventory Management
Does the system provide the site owner a way to
manage inventory levels (quantities of product on hand)? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Pluggable Payments
Does the system allow the site owner to plug in
new payment gateways so they may use whatever payment processing mechanism
(PayPal, PayFlowPro, 2checkout, iTransact, Authorize.net, etc) they choose? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Pluggable Shipping
Does the system allow the site owner to plug in
their own shipping calculator so that they can charge based upon their
needs (weight, price, UPS, USPS, FedEx, etc)? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Pluggable Tax
Does the system allow the site owner to plug in
new tax calculators? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Point of Sale
Does the system tie into (or have built in) a
point of sale system to enable site owners to run a brick and mortar store
from the same inventory? |
No | Free Add On |
| Shopping Cart
Does the system have a mechanism for allowing
the user to create a list of adhoc items to purchase, and then purchase
all of them at once? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Subscriptions
Does the system have a way manage timed subscriptions
that are tied into the commerce function? This requires recurring billing,
billing cancellation, etc. |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
| Wish Lists
Does the system allow users to create wish lists? |
Free Add On | Free Add On |
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